Definition of Temperature#

NOTE

Temperature is a measure of degree of hotness of an object. (Oxford NSS Physics TB 2nd edition, 2014)

Thermometer#

Heat Capacity#

Heat Capacity vs. Specific Heat Capacity#

• Heat Capacity (C) is an extensive property that depends on the amount of substance. It is the total heat energy required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree Celsius or 1 Kelvin.

• Specific Heat Capacity (c) is an intensive property that does not depend on the amount of substance. It is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or 1 Kelvin.

The relationship between heat capacity and specific heat capacity can be expressed as: $C = mc$

where

• $C$ = Heat Capacity (Unit: $J K⁻¹$ / $J °C⁻¹$)

• $m$ = mass of an object (unit: kg)

• $c$ = Specific Heat Capacity (Unit: $J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹$ / $J kg⁻¹ °C⁻¹$)

Heat Capacity vs. Molar Heat Capacity#

• Heat Capacity (C) is an extensive property that depends on the amount of substance. It is the total heat energy required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree Celsius or 1 Kelvin.

• Molar Heat Capacity (Cₘ) is an intensive property that does not depend on the amount of substance. It is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or 1 Kelvin.

The relationship between specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity can be expressed as:

$Cₘ = c \cdot M$

where

• $Cₘ$ = Molar Heat Capacity (Unit: $J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹$ / $J mol⁻¹ °C⁻¹$)

• $c$ = Specific Heat Capacity (Unit: $J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹$ / $J kg⁻¹ °C⁻¹$)

• $M$ = Molar Mass of the substance (Unit: $kg mol⁻¹$)